An analysis of the European Commission’s 2026 Guidelines on exclusionary abuses of dominance, covering the assessment of anticompetitive effects, conduct-specific legal tests and implications for Turkish competition law.
The Personal Data Protection Board’s Principle Decision No. 2026/2035 sets out the legal limits for monitoring digital communication channels in the workplace. The Decision addresses employee data protection, employers’ monitoring rights, the obligation to inform employees, and the legal consequences of unlawful monitoring.
The allocation of patent rights in inventions developed in the course of employment raises significant legal issues concerning employers’ rights and employees’ entitlement to remuneration. This article examines the distinction between service inventions and free inventions, the acquisition and protection of patent rights, remuneration for employee inventions, and the resolution of related disputes under Turkish Industrial Property Law No. 6769.
This article compares the conditions for protecting registered and unregistered designs, their protection periods, and the rights they confer on their holders. It also examines novelty and individual character requirements, legal actions for design infringement, methods of calculating damages, and the legal consequences of design invalidity in light of Turkish Court of Cassation decisions.
This article examines the grounds for bringing a trademark invalidity action and the legal consequences of an invalidity judgment.
This article examines the form and procedural requirements that the Turkish Competition Board must follow when imposing administrative fines under Law No. 4054.
The Turkish Competition Board’s Decision No. 26-21/637-255 addresses allegations of information exchange concerning planned salary increases in the cement sector labour market. This article examines the Board’s assessment of the internal correspondence, actual remuneration practices, employee mobility and collective bargaining, as well as its decision not to open an investigation.
The Turkish Competition Board has reassessed the commitments made binding on Yemeksepeti in 2021 in light of changing market conditions. While commitments concerning mandatory Joker campaigns, minimum basket requirements and Vale were lifted, the commitment concerning narrow MFN clauses was retained. This article examines the decision from the perspectives of dominance, individual exemption, free-riding and cumulative effects.
Dealers operating under the same brand are often part of a common distribution network, yet they may also compete for the same customers. This article examines the competition law implications of sharing pricing and discount-related information among dealers of the same brand, with particular reference to the Turkish Competition Board’s recent decisional practice.
The Genveon decision examines how no-poach practices are assessed under competition law and outlines the limits of restrictions in labour markets.
The Turkish Competition Board found that a consultancy company facilitating price alignment among driving schools could be held liable as a cartel facilitator, with individual liability imposed on its manager.
This article analyses the Turkish Competition Board’s evidentiary methodology and defence assessment in the Malatya Ready-Mixed Concrete decision, with a focus on logical inferences, competitor contacts and multi-market sanctions.
This report provides a comprehensive overview of Turkish Competition Law enforcement in 2025. It analyses key Turkish Competition Board decisions, high administrative fines, digital and labour market investigations, settlement practices, and merger control developments from a practical enforcement perspective.
The labor market, also referred to as the employment market, is a structure where employees, who offer their labor, and employers, who demand this labor, interact. The wages and other employment conditions are determined based on the supply and demand power of the parties involved. Human resources, which form one of the most crucial assets of businesses, play an active role in the strategic decision-making processes of enterprises and are decisive for their competitive strength. However, the cost of labor is one of the primary expenses in the production process for employers. Businesses competing in the labor market to secure labor may wish to retain their workforce and prevent their employees from being hired by competitors. Additionally, labor is a significant cost factor for enterprises, leading rival businesses to agree on "salary fixing" or "non-poaching" agreements. Through these agreements, they may reduce employee mobility between companies and suppress or lower wages, thereby eliminating competition in the labor market. Furthermore, the sharing of sensitive employee-related information or the setting of working conditions by competitors can also result in violations of competition law.
In Article 14 of the Law on the Protection of Competition No. 4054 titled "Request for Information", it is stipulated that the Competition Board may request all kinds of information it deems necessary from all public institutions, undertakings and undertaking associations while fulfilling the duties assigned to it by this Law. In the second paragraph of the article, it is regulated that all these authorities and the officials of the undertakings and undertaking associations from which information is requested by the Board are obliged to provide this information requested by the Board within the period to be determined by the Board.
The Law No. 4054 on the Protection of Competition may be able to achieve its purpose of establishing and protecting the competitive environment in the markets of goods and services through the existence of a deterrent, fair and proportionate sanctions system. In case of violation of the competition order, various sanctions are applied by the Turkish Competition Board in order to prevent the repetition of the violation and to eliminate the possibility of a similar violation, and administrative fines are the leading ones.
According to most scholars, public policy has three main functions in private international law. First, public policy addresses conflicts of law. In this context, public policy precludes the court from applying foreign law when it conflicts with fundamental values of the forum law’s main notions of morality and justice or outraged its sense of justice and decency that forms the basis of its positive law . In such a situation, national courts do not compare the provisions of foreign and forum law.
Presumption of Innocence; means that a person is presumed innocent until it is proven with conclusive and convincing evidence that the person has committed the crime.
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